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Sore Throat: Viral or Bacterial, and When You Need Antibiotics
Most sore throats are caused by viruses and get better on their own. Learn the signs of strep throat, safe home care and when to see a GP in Ajman.
Quick answer
Most sore throats are caused by viruses and improve within about a week without antibiotics. A bacterial (strep) infection is more likely if you have a fever, swollen tender neck glands, white patches on the tonsils and no cough. See a doctor if a sore throat lasts more than a week, is very painful, or comes with difficulty swallowing or breathing.
In this article
A scratchy, painful throat is one of the most common reasons people visit a GP. In the UAE, air conditioning, dust and seasonal viruses all play a part. The good news is that most sore throats settle on their own.
What causes a sore throat?
- Viruses (most common): the same viruses that cause colds and flu. Antibiotics do not work against them.
- Group A streptococcus ("strep throat"): a bacterial infection, more common in children aged 5 to 15.
- Irritation: dry air-conditioned rooms, dust, smoking, shisha or shouting.
- Acid reflux: stomach acid rising into the throat, often worse in the morning.
Viral or strep? Signs to look for
| Usually viral | More likely strep |
|---|---|
| Cough, runny nose, hoarse voice | No cough |
| Mild fever or none | Fever above 38°C |
| Red throat | White patches or pus on the tonsils |
| Swollen, tender glands at the front of the neck |
Only a throat swab or rapid test can confirm strep. Your doctor will decide whether a test is needed based on your symptoms.
Home care that helps
- Drink plenty of fluids; warm drinks and cold water both soothe.
- Gargle with warm salt water (half a teaspoon of salt in a glass of water). Not suitable for young children.
- Take paracetamol or ibuprofen as directed on the pack, if they are safe for you.
- Suck lozenges or ice chips (adults and older children only).
- Rest your voice and avoid smoke.
Why antibiotics are not always prescribed
Antibiotics only work against bacteria. Taking them for a viral sore throat does not speed recovery, can cause side effects, and contributes to antibiotic resistance. When strep is confirmed or very likely, a short course of antibiotics is appropriate and should be completed as prescribed.
When to see a doctor
Book a GP visit if:
- The sore throat lasts more than a week
- You have a high fever or feel very unwell
- You have had several sore throats in a short time
- You have a weakened immune system
Go to the emergency department or call 998 if you have difficulty breathing, are drooling or unable to swallow, have a muffled voice with severe one-sided throat pain, or cannot open your mouth fully. These can be signs of a serious infection.
Frequently asked questions
How long does a viral sore throat last?
Usually three to seven days, and most people feel better within a week.
Is a sore throat contagious?
Yes, both viral and strep throat spread through droplets. Wash your hands often and avoid sharing cups. People with strep are usually no longer contagious after 24 hours of antibiotics.
Can I get a sick leave certificate for a sore throat?
If you are too unwell to work, our GP can examine you and issue a medical certificate when it is medically appropriate.
