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Teeth Grinding (Bruxism): Signs, Causes and Night Guards
Waking with jaw pain or a headache? You may be grinding your teeth. Learn the signs of bruxism, why it happens and how a dentist can protect your teeth.
Quick answer
Bruxism is grinding or clenching the teeth, often during sleep, and is linked to stress, sleep problems, caffeine, alcohol and smoking. Signs include jaw pain or stiffness, morning headaches, worn or chipped teeth and sensitivity. A dentist can check for damage and may recommend a custom-made night guard to protect the teeth, alongside stress management and good sleep habits.
Many people grind their teeth without knowing it, because it often happens during sleep. A partner may notice the sound before you notice the symptoms.
Signs of teeth grinding
- Jaw pain, tightness or clicking
- Headaches or earache on waking
- Worn, flattened, chipped or cracked teeth
- Increased tooth sensitivity
- Tired jaw muscles
- Grinding sounds at night
Common causes and triggers
- Stress and anxiety
- Sleep problems, including snoring and sleep apnoea
- Caffeine, alcohol and smoking
- Some medicines
- Concentrating hard during the day, for example at a computer or while driving
Treatment
- Night guard (mouthguard): a custom-fitted guard made by your dentist protects the teeth from wear at night.
- Managing stress: exercise, relaxation and good sleep routines help.
- Daytime awareness: keep your lips together and teeth apart when resting.
- Cut down on caffeine and alcohol, especially in the evening.
- Repair damage: worn or broken teeth may need fillings or crowns.
If snoring or pauses in breathing are noticed at night, talk to a GP, as sleep apnoea can be linked to grinding.
When to see a dentist
- Jaw pain or headaches on waking
- Teeth that look worn, chipped or feel sensitive
- Jaw clicking or locking
- Your partner hears grinding at night
Frequently asked questions
Can children grind their teeth?
Yes, it is common in young children and often stops as they grow. Mention it at their dental check-up.
Are shop-bought mouthguards OK?
A custom-made night guard fits better and is more comfortable. Ask your dentist which is right for you.