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Prediabetes: What It Means and How to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes
Prediabetes means blood sugar is above normal but not yet diabetes. Learn the test results that define it and the changes that can bring it back to normal.
Quick answer
Prediabetes means blood sugar is higher than normal but below the level for diabetes, commonly an HbA1c of 5.7% to 6.4% or a fasting glucose of 100 to 125 mg/dL. It usually has no symptoms. Losing 5 to 7% of body weight, being active for at least 150 minutes a week and eating fewer refined carbohydrates can return blood sugar to normal and greatly lower the risk of type 2 diabetes.
In this article
Diabetes is common in the UAE, and many people have prediabetes without knowing it. Finding it early gives you the best chance to stop type 2 diabetes developing.
What the numbers mean
| Test | Normal | Prediabetes | Diabetes |
|---|---|---|---|
| HbA1c | Below 5.7% | 5.7% to 6.4% | 6.5% or higher |
| Fasting glucose | Below 100 mg/dL | 100 to 125 mg/dL | 126 mg/dL or higher |
These are the thresholds used by the American Diabetes Association. Your doctor confirms diabetes with repeat testing.
Who should be tested?
- Adults with excess weight, especially around the waist
- A parent or sibling with type 2 diabetes
- A history of diabetes in pregnancy (gestational diabetes)
- High blood pressure or abnormal cholesterol
- Polycystic ovary syndrome
- Physical inactivity
- Age over 35
Can prediabetes be reversed?
Yes, often. In the large Diabetes Prevention Program study, people who lost about 7% of their weight and exercised regularly reduced their risk of developing type 2 diabetes by 58% over about three years.
Practical steps
- Lose a little weight: 5 to 7% of your body weight makes a real difference (about 5 kg if you weigh 80 kg).
- Move more: at least 150 minutes of moderate activity a week. Walk in the evenings or in an air-conditioned mall in summer.
- Cut sugary drinks and juices.
- Choose whole grains over white rice, white bread and sweets.
- Watch portion sizes, especially at family meals and gatherings.
- Sleep well and stop smoking.
Follow-up
People with prediabetes should have their blood sugar checked at least once a year. Your GP can also check blood pressure and cholesterol at the same visit.
Frequently asked questions
Does prediabetes cause symptoms?
Usually not. That is why testing is important if you have risk factors.
Do I need medicine for prediabetes?
Lifestyle change is the main treatment. Some people at higher risk may be offered medicine; your doctor will advise.
